Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735793›Full record

ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026

Oxygen Therapy for Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Qiqi Shi, Song Han, Xiangyu Li, Jingwei Guan, Yanli Duan, Zhangyuan Liao, Zhiying Chen, Weili Li, Ran Meng, Ming Zou and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qiqi ShiDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Song HanDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xiangyu LiDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Jingwei GuanDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Yanli DuanDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Zhangyuan LiaoDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Zhiying ChenDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-4484
Weili LiDepartment of Neurology, WeiFang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical Univeristy, Weifang, Shandong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-7330
Ran MengDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ming ZouDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Jiayue DingDepartment of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-2187

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82201432Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality 24JCZXJC00320Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project TJYXZDXK-3-003C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate that impairs patient well-being and quality of life. Oxygen therapies, including hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO) and normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), have attracted widespread attention as potential adjuvant treatments because of their neuroprotective effects. This review aimed to summarize the current literature addressing the neuroprotective mechanisms of oxygen therapy in ICH, as well as its effectiveness and safety in patients with ICH.

methodsWe systematically searched multiple literature databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for publications containing specified keywords and published prior to November 2025. The references were thoroughly reviewed to identify other articles that may have been missed in our search.

resultsA total of 38 articles were included in this study. Among them, 20 mainly studied the mechanism of oxygen therapy after ICH, eight mainly investigated the effects of oxygen therapy in patients with ICH, and 10 primarily analyzed the safety of oxygen therapy in patients with ICH. The experimental results showed that the treatment mechanism of HBO mainly involves reducing cerebral vasospasm, promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and improving aerobic energy metabolism, whereas NBO mainly protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reduces cerebral edema and hemispheric swelling, mitigates acute inflammation, inhibits oxidative stress and neuronal cell death, and enhances aerobic metabolism. Clinical trials have shown that oxygen therapy can improve neurological function recovery and long-term prognosis in patients with ICH, as reflected by better scores in some indicators and lower mortality rates; however, oxygen therapy also has controversial and potential risks. Excessive oxygen supply may lead to adverse reactions, and hyperoxia may negatively impact patients with ICH. An appropriate treatment plan should be formulated for the clinical application of oxygen therapy.

conclusionOxygen therapy shows potential in ICH treatment through multiple mechanisms; however, its safety and optimal regimen require further large-scale randomized controlled trials to balance the benefits and risks and optimize its application strategies.

Indexed as

Hyperbaric OxygenationIntracranial HemorrhagesOxygen Inhalation TherapyAnimalsHumanshyperbaric hyperoxiaintracranial hemorrhagenormobaric hyperoxiaoxygen therapy

Identifiers

PMID41735793
PMCPMC12932117

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.