Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735659›Full record

ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2026

Unveiling Intersecting Experiences: Investigating Health Care and Jail System Interaction Before and After Incarceration Among Adults with Serious Mental Illness in San Francisco.

Meghan Hewlett, Eve Perry, Dave Graham-Squire, Alissa Skog, Johanna Lacoe, Hemal Kanzaria, Jacob Izenberg, Maria Raven

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Meghan HewlettDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. meghan.hewlett@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-2130
Eve PerryBenioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dave Graham-SquireBenioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alissa SkogCalifornia Policy Lab, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Johanna LacoeCalifornia Policy Lab, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Hemal KanzariaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jacob IzenbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maria RavenDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

University of California Office of the President Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives M21PR3278
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. They frequently cycle between jail and emergency departments and experience poor health outcomes. Some jails offer mental health services, but the criminal justice environment is not conducive to optimal treatment and recovery. Individuals with SMI may require targeted interventions, but few studies have examined characteristics of individuals in jail with and without an SMI or compared their post-release trajectories. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using health services and jail system data from the City and County of San Francisco from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2021. We included 1568 adults with at least one jail incarceration from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018, stratified by the presence or absence of an SMI diagnosis, and compared health services use, jail system interactions, and associated factors. Compared to individuals without SMI, those with SMI had higher rates of substance use disorder (82.5% vs. 53.3%) and homelessness (82.2% vs. 61.0%). The longest single jail incarceration averaged 11.3 days longer for individuals with SMI (p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.38, 21.26). Post-release, individuals with SMI had higher rates of health services use and reincarceration. We found that individuals with SMI in jail have higher rates of homelessness, health services use, and jail reincarceration. This underlines the responsibility placed on jails to address the complex needs of individuals with SMI. Investment should focus on reentry and diversion programs, as well as expanding jail and community-based mental health care for individuals with SMI.

Indexed as

JailsMental DisordersMental Health ServicesPrisonersAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Services for PrisonersHumansIll-Housed PersonsIncarcerationMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSan FranciscoHealth servicesIncarcerationMental illness

Identifiers

PMID41735659
PMCPMC13315379

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.