Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735461›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Autoimmune disease prevalence in Ethiopian versus Non-Ethiopian type 1 diabetes patients in Israel.

Alena Kirzhner, Amir Bashkin, Hefziba Green, Haitham Abu Khadija, Mohammad Alnees, Ramon Cohen, Meital Zikry Deitch, Tal Schiller

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alena KirzhnerDepartment of Internal Medicine A, Kaplan Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. elenaki1@clalit.org.il.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-432X
Amir BashkinDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galilee Medical Center and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University of Safed, Safed, Israel.
Hefziba GreenDepartment of Internal Medicine A, Kaplan Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Haitham Abu KhadijaDepartment of Cardiology, Kaplan Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Mohammad AlneesDepartment of Cardiology, Kaplan Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Ramon CohenDepartment of Internal Medicine B, Kaplan Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Meital Zikry DeitchIntensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Tal SchillerInstitute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic disease, Wolfson Medical Center, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Funding

Russell Berrie Galilee Diabetes Sphere of the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Br-Ilan University SPCL2023003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in Ethiopian patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mainly unknown. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of AIDs in T1D Ethiopian patients and to compare their prevalence to non-Ethiopian Israeli patients. A retrospective cohort analysis of 12,759 T1D patients, of whom 672 (5.3%) were of Ethiopian descent, aged ≥ 18 years, registered in the Clalit Health Services database was conducted. The AID cases were identified by ICD-10 codes from 2000 to 2023. Additionally, data on thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) and tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies were extracted and analyzed. The mean age of the entire cohort was 30.4 ± 18.9 years, 54% were male, and the mean follow-up was 10.9 ± 6.1 years. An additional AID was diagnosed among 14% of the Ethiopian and 26% of the non-Ethiopian populations (p < 0.001), respectively. Although the prevalence of coexisting autoimmune conditions was approximately half in the Ethiopian group, the relative distribution pattern of common and less common AIDs remained similar to that observed in the non-Ethiopian population. The prevalence of AIDs in Ethiopians is lower than in non-Ethiopian patients with T1D, indicating the existence of ethnic differences in susceptibility to AIDs. Nevertheless, the low screening rates highlight the need for greater vigilance and adherence to guidelines by medical staff.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdultCohort StudiesEast African PeopleEthiopiaFemaleHumansIodide PeroxidaseIsraelMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProtein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2Retrospective StudiesIodide PeroxidaseProtein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2

Identifiers

PMID41735461
PMCPMC13031923

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