Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735380›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

The potential cytotoxic effect of recent universal adhesives with modified monomeric compositions on human gingival epithelial cells.

Omar Abd El-Maksoud, Nessma Sultan, Hoda Saleh Ismail, Ramy Ahmed Wafaie, Hamdi H Hamama, Salah Hasab Mahmoud

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Omar Abd El-MaksoudConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
Nessma SultanOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Nesmasultan@mans.edu.eg.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3163-7584
Hoda Saleh IsmailConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Ramy Ahmed WafaieConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
Hamdi H HamamaConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Salah Hasab MahmoudConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of three recent universal adhesives (UAs) with modified monomeric compositions compared to a typical adhesive containing bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on human gingival epithelial cells. Disk-shaped specimens of Scotchbond Universal Plus (SBP), Zipbond Universal (ZBU), Clearfil TRI-S Bond Universal Quick (CSQ), and Tetric N-Bond Universal (TNB) were fabricated and then kept in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for 24 h to prepare the extract medium. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT, SRB, and ROS analyses. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests (P ≤ 0.05). At both tested concentrations (50% & 100%), MTT results showed that SBP, ZBU, and TNB significantly reduced cell viability compared with the control, in contrast to CSQ, which exhibited the highest viability. Regarding SRB results, SBP, ZBU, and CSQ maintained cell viabilities comparable to the control and significantly higher than TNB at both concentrations. ELISA results revealed statistically significant differences in ROS levels among all tested UAs compared to the control and to each other. The cytotoxicity of UAs is both composition and concentration-dependent, with modified formulations showing relatively safer profiles reflecting the potential effect of modifying the monomeric formulations in enhancing cytocompatibility.

Indexed as

AdhesivesDental CementsEpithelial CellsGingivaBisphenol A-Glycidyl MethacrylateCell SurvivalHumansMaterials TestingMethacrylatesReactive Oxygen SpeciesAdhesivesBisphenol A-Glycidyl MethacrylateDental Cementshydroxyethyl methacrylateMethacrylatesReactive Oxygen SpeciesBiocompatibilityCell viabilityCytotoxicityGingival epithelial cellsUniversal adhesives

Identifiers

PMID41735380
PMCPMC12949188

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.