Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41734765›Full record

ArticleCell stem cell2026

comBO: A combined human bone and lympho-myeloid bone marrow organoid for preclinical modeling of hematopoietic disorders.

Yuqi Shen, Camelia Benlabiod, Edmund Watson, Kristian Gurashi, Alex Fower, Antonio Rodriguez-Romera, Jasmeet S Reyat, Shady Adnan-Awad, Rupen Hargreaves, Samuel Kemble and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell stem cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Yuqi ShenMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Camelia BenlabiodMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Edmund WatsonOxford Translational Myeloma Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kristian GurashiMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alex FowerMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Antonio Rodriguez-RomeraMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jasmeet S ReyatMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Shady Adnan-AwadMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rupen HargreavesMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Samuel KembleRheumatology Research Group, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Charlotte G SmithRheumatology Research Group, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Adam P CroftRheumatology Research Group, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.
Udo OppermannOxford Translational Myeloma Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alia WelshMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lauren MurphyMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Eleanor MurphyMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Amirpasha MoetazedianSchool of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hull University, Hull, UK.
Natalie JoossMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Zoe C WongMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Julie RayesDepartment of Cardiovascular Sciences College of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, UK.
Adam J MeadMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anindita RoyMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sarah GoodingMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Translational Myeloma Centre, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bethan PsailaMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Abdullah O KhanMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: abdullah.khan@imm.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The bone marrow is the primary site of blood and immune cell production in postnatal life. Current human models do not capture lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis and the stromal diversity needed for lifelong blood and immune maintenance. Here, we introduce comBO (combined bone and lympho-myeloid bone marrow organoid), a scalable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived system that generates osteolineage, vascular, lymphoid, and myeloid compartments within a single organoid. Developed under physioxia in granular microgel scaffolds, comBOs improve scalability and reproducibility and sustain long-term lympho-myeloid potential in serial organoid re-seeding assays. Incorporating healthy or malignant donor cells produces "chimeroids" that model physiological and pathological states. Using multiple myeloma as an exemplar, comBOs recapitulate niche remodeling and identify macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling as a disease driver. MIF inhibition reduces inflammation and myeloma proliferation, highlighting its therapeutic potential. comBOs offer a physiologically faithful bone marrow platform for disease modeling and therapeutic discovery in translational hematology and immunology.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesBone MarrowBone Marrow CellsHematologic DiseasesModels, BiologicalMyeloid CellsOrganoidsAnimalsHematopoiesisHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMultiple Myelomabiotechnologybonebone marrowhematopoiesismyelomaNAMsnew approach methodologiesorganoidorganoid-on-chippreclinical modeling

Identifiers

PMID41734765
PMCPMC7618947

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.