Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41734193›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Risk and protective factors for incidents of intimate partner violence among active-duty military personnel.

Valerie A Stander, Travis N Ray, Sabrina M Richardson, Kelly A Woodall, Cynthia J Thomsen, Joel S Milner, James E McCarroll, David S Riggs, Stephen J Cozza

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Valerie A StanderDoD Center for Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9493-1978
Travis N RayDoD Center for Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Sabrina M RichardsonDoD Center for Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Kelly A WoodallDoD Center for Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Cynthia J ThomsenDoD Center for Deployment Health, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Joel S MilnerCenter for the Study of Family Violence and Sexual Assault, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America.
James E McCarrollCenter for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
David S RiggsMedical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Stephen J CozzaCenter for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIntimate partner violence (IPV) among military personnel harms service members and their partners and has implications for military readiness. Understanding modifiable risk and protective factors for IPV perpetration in this context is important for prevention and response.

methodData from the Millennium Cohort Study (2011-2013) were used as a baseline in a hypothesized prospective path model predicting IPV perpetration. IPV outcomes were operationalized as reports to the Department of Defense Family Advocacy Program Central Registry that occurred after baseline and met Department of Defense criteria for psychological or physical domestic abuse.

resultsA posttraumatic stress symptom cluster indicative of general negative affect and alcohol dependence mediated the effects of other posttraumatic stress symptoms-as well as the effects of protective factors (i.e., socioeconomic, psychosocial, physical health)-on risk of IPV perpetration. Only socioeconomic status had indirect, direct, and moderated effects on IPV perpetration.

conclusionsFindings suggest future program development and evaluation should consider whether common protective factors-such as economic stability, better health (e.g., sleep quantity and quality), career satisfaction, and psychosocial factors (e.g., social support)-can be modified through integrated prevention to reduce risk for multiple interrelated outcomes (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, substance dependence, and IPV).

Indexed as

Intimate Partner ViolenceMilitary PersonnelAdultFemaleHumansMaleProtective FactorsRisk FactorsStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41734193
PMCPMC12931802

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.