ArticlePloS one2026
High burden and genetic diversity of β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Southeastern Gabon.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing prevalence of β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) represents a growing public health challenge in low-resource settings. Data from Central Africa remain limited. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance profiles and phylogenetic diversity of these pathogens in southeastern Gabon.
methodsPatients presenting with CA-UTIs were screened, and isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST 2024 guidelines. Phenotypic screening identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase production. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL genes (bla-CTX-M-gp1, bla-CTX-M-gp2, bla-CTX-M-gp9, bla-TEM, bla-SHV), plasmid-mediated AmpC genes (bla-CMY-1, bla-CMY-2, bla-ACT-1, bla-ACC, bla-FOX, bla-DHA), and the carbapenemase gene bla-OXA-48. Phylogenetic grouping of ESBL-producing E. coli was determined using PCR targeting chuA, yjaA, TspE4.C2, and arpA.
resultsAmong 3,026 screened patients, 949 CA-UTIs were confirmed, including 589 cystitis and 360 pyelonephritis cases, yielding 200 isolates: E. coli (124) and K. pneumoniae (76). Of these, 68 (34.0%) were ESBL producers, 17 (9.0%) AmpC producers, and 2 (1.0%) carbapenemase producers. ESBL producing isolates were significantly associated with male sex (47.0%, p = 0.02) and children ≤5 years of age (48.2%, p = 0.007). ESBL- and AmpC-producing isolates exhibited high resistance rates (20-100%) to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while retaining susceptibility to carbapenems, ceftazidime-avibactam, and nitrofurantoin (up to 100%). Molecular analysis showed predominance of bla-CTX-M-gp1 in E. coli (40% alone; 31% in combination with bla-TEM). In K. pneumoniae, bla-SHV + bla-TEM (49%) and bla-SHV + bla-CTX-M-gp1 + bla-TEM (42%) were the most frequent gene combinations; one isolate carried bla-OXA-48. ESBL-producing E. coli predominantly belonged to phylogroup A (48.6%).
conclusionMultidrug-resistant ESBL-, AmpC-, and OXA-48-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae are circulating in community settings in southeastern Gabon. These findings underscore the need for strengthened antimicrobial resistance surveillance and evidence-based community-level interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.