Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41733362›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of haematology2026

Substantial international variation in the cost of blood group and save and crossmatch: A systematic review.

Gianluca Fabiano, Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva, Shona Kirtley, Sophie Cole, Artin Manafi-Khosroshahi, Bilal Qureshi, Isabel Singleton, Biruk Tsegaye, Wei Shao Tung, Florian Tomini and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of haematology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Gianluca FabianoNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-4810
Rafael Pinedo-VillanuevaNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Shona KirtleyNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sophie ColeNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Artin Manafi-KhosroshahiSchool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bilal QureshiMedical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Isabel SingletonSchool of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Biruk TsegayeNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Wei Shao TungThe Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Florian TominiWolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-5210
Hayley G EvansNIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Data-Driven Transfusion Practice, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mike F MurphyNIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Data-Driven Transfusion Practice, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-7503
Simon J StanworthNIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Data-Driven Transfusion Practice, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-4950
Paula DhimanNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Antony J R PalmerNuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care Research NIHR203334
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blood transfusion is one of the most common interventions in hospitals. Blood tests that support this widespread practice are considered routine, such as 'group and save' (also known as 'type and screen'), yet there has been very limited evaluation of the needs for these tests and the associated costs. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise international evidence on the costs of group and save and crossmatch tests and their component processes. Seventy-two studies published between 2012 and 2023 were identified and data were extracted. Most cost estimates were derived from local institutional sources with few using national reference data, and reporting methods varied widely. Median unit costs for group and save tests were £19.8 (interquartile range [IQR] £11.8-£52.5) overall, £13.8 in the United Kingdom and £57.4 in the United States. Crossmatch costs were £9.6 (IQR £5.9-£37.3). Understanding costs for group and save testing will inform hospital teams making decisions about sample requirements for procedures with a low likelihood of transfusion. It also provides benchmarking to assess the impact of implementing electronic systems to improve safety and efficiency of transfusion practice.

Indexed as

Blood Group AntigensBlood Grouping and CrossmatchingBlood TransfusionHumansUnited KingdomBlood Group Antigenscostcrossmatchgroup and savepreoperative blood testingtransfusion practice

Identifiers

PMID41733362
PMCPMC13071482

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.