ArticlePeerJ2026
The structure of personality in Parkinson's disease and the effects of age, years since diagnosis, and impulsivity.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor and cognitive symptoms. However, emerging evidence suggests that personality alterations may also be present, potentially affecting patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Prior studies have identified patterns such as lower openness and extraversion and higher neuroticism in PD patients, although findings have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the structural organization of personality in PD using a network-based approach, and to examine the influence of age, sex, disease duration, and impulsive-compulsive symptoms on personality traits. Methods: A total of 237 PD patients (aged 45-86) completed the HEXACO Adjective Scale (HAS), assessing six personality traits: Honesty-Humility (H), Emotionality (E), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C), and Openness (O). Impulsive-compulsive behaviors were assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS). Personality structure was analyzed Results: EGA identified seven item-level communities. Traits E, X, and C formed coherent and distinct clusters, while items from A and H tended to cluster based on item polarity (positive Conclusions: These findings reveal subtle but systematic alterations in the structural organization of personality traits in PD. Specifically, we observed a polarity-based overlap between H and A, possibly reflecting age-related convergence of the two traits-consistent with a recent study reporting similar effects in healthy aging-and a bifurcation within O centered on the Unconventionality facet, a trait often considered idiopathic in PD, even in its prodromal stages. These personality signatures may contribute to a refined clinical profiling of PD patients and support the value of incorporating personality assessment into personalized care approaches.
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