Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41732658›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2026

Sequential or upfront triple combination with durvalumab, tremelimumab, and bevacizumab for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: the MONTBLANC trial protocol (AIO-HEP-0325/ass).

Najib Ben Khaled, Ursula Ehmer, Ilja Kubisch, Maria A Gonzalez-Carmona, Alexander Philipp, Max Seidensticker, Julia Altenhofer, Marion Basch, Tim Hüwer, Bettina Oehrle and 30 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05844046 (Sequential or Up-front Triple Treatment With Durvalumab, Tremelimumab and Bevacizumab for Non-resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05844046 phase2recruitingnot on this map

Sequential or Up-front Triple Treatment With Durvalumab, Tremelimumab and Bevacizumab for Non-resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients (MONTBLANC)

TypeinterventionalSponsorEnrico De ToniRan2023 to 2026Enrolled83ConditionsHepatocellular CarcinomaArmsdurvalumab, tremelimumab, bevacizumab
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Najib Ben KhaledDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-2542
Ursula EhmerInternal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Ilja KubischDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Metabolic Disorders, Oncology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany.
Maria A Gonzalez-CarmonaDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Alexander PhilippDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Max SeidenstickerDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Julia AltenhoferDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Marion BaschDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Tim HüwerDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Bettina OehrleDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Andreas GeierDivision of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Caterina SoldàMedical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
Alessandra AuriemmaSection of Innovation Biomedicine-Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Ulrike BauerInternal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Taotao ZhouDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Lukas PerkhoferDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jack ChaterDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany.
Arndt WeinmannDepartment of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Johann von FeldenDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Antonio De RosaMedical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
Caterina VivaldiDepartment of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Ignazio PisedduDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Isabel SchwaldDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Stefan EnssleDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Monika KarinDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Julia S SchneiderDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Moritz N GröperDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Katarina OndrejkovaDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Lena WeissDepartment of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Georg BeyerDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Kornelius SchulzeDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Lorenzo AntonuzzoDepartment of Medical Oncology 1, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Gianluca MasiDepartment of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Bruno DanieleMedical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy.
Jens RickeDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Julia MayerleDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Friedrich FoersterDepartment of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Florian P ReiterDivision of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Thomas J EttrichDepartment of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Enrico N De ToniDepartment of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapy has transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, durable clinical benefit remains limited to a subset of patients, highlighting the need for approaches that enhance efficacy. Objectives: The MONTBLANC study presents a novel investigational strategy utilizing triple immunotherapy through the combination of the anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody durvalumab, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 tremelimumab, and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor bevacizumab in patients with aHCC. Methods and analysis: This randomized, open-label, phase II clinical trial examines two distinct therapeutic regimens through parallel study arms: upfront triple-agent administration or doublet therapy with durvalumab and tremelimumab, followed by the addition of bevacizumab upon disease progression or lack of objective radiological response. The primary endpoint is the overall response rate. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, progression-free survival, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. Ethics: The ethics review boards of all participating sites have approved the study protocol. The trial will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice Standards, and the applicable laws and regulations. All patients must provide written informed consent. Discussion: The MONTBLANC study aims at guiding the design of future trials in aHCC by assessing efficacy signals of upfront triple or response-adapted treatment escalation with durvalumab, tremelimumab, and bevacizumab. Trial registration: The MONTBLANC clinical trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05844046) and the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (clinicaltrialsregister.eu, 2022-001201-48).

Indexed as

bevacizumabCTLA-4durvalumabhepatocellular carcinomaimmunotherapyPD-L1tremelimumabVEGF

Identifiers

PMID41732658
PMCPMC12925018

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.