Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41732385›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Biomimetic 3D-Bioprinted organoids of thymic epithelial tumors for translational drug screening and biomarker identification.

Beibei Liu, Huiyan Cheng, Keke Yu, Wen Xu, Xiaoting Tian, Yuhan Xu, Yanbin Kuang, Jun Lu, Rong Li, Xiao Zhang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Beibei LiuDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Huiyan ChengDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Keke YuDepartment of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Wen XuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xiaoting TianShanghai Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Biotherapy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Yuhan XuDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Yanbin KuangDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Jun LuDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Rong LiDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Xiao ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Biotherapy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Min TangInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Jianxin XueDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Yuqing LouDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymic carcinoma and thymoma, are rare malignancies lacking both effective therapies and validated biomarkers to guide treatment. Here, we report the first 3D (three-dimensional) bioprinted organoid model of TETs, established through a proteomic data-driven biomaterial design strategy. Patient tumor tissues were first decellularized and analyzed by proteomics to determine their extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. The results revealed distributions of ECM proteins which guided the formulation of photocurable bioinks. The resulting 3D-bioprinted organoids supported primary TET cell proliferation, and more faithfully replicated the biophysical properties and molecular characteristics of native tumors than traditional Matrigel-cultured organoids. Leveraging this biomimetic platform, we conducted high-throughput drug screening and identified lurbinectedin as a potent therapeutic candidate for TETs. Transcriptomic profiling revealed its anti-TET mechanism. Integrating RNAseq data with TCGA survival analysis further identified PBX3, REPS2, and CXCR4 as potential efficacy-predictive biomarkers. This study establishes a translational framework linking 3D bioprinted TET models with biomarker discovery, offering a standardized platform for precision drug screening and mechanistic exploration in thymic epithelial tumors.

Identifiers

PMID41732385
PMCPMC12924735

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.