Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41732229›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026

Mechanical Properties of Pediatric Knee Ligaments: A Cadaveric Study.

Marcel Sanchez, Nneoma O Duru, Anshal Gupta, Hunter Storaci, Calvin Chan, Nicole Pham, Matthew Rohde, Bryan Khoo, Amin Alayleh, Seth Sherman and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Marcel SanchezPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-9450
Nneoma O DuruPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-3905
Anshal GuptaPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Hunter StoraciPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Calvin ChanPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Nicole PhamPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Matthew RohdePediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Bryan KhooPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Amin AlaylehPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1675-163X
Seth ShermanPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Henry B EllisPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Marc TompkinsPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-3150
Philip WilsonPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Daniel GreenPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-6864
Theodore J GanleySports Medicine & Performance Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kevin G SheaPediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries of the knee in skeletally immature patients are increasingly prevalent, yet limited data exist regarding the mechanical properties of pediatric knee ligaments. Purpose: To evaluate and compare the biomechanical properties of the ACL, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and iliotibial band (ITB) in pediatric cadaveric knee specimens. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen fresh-frozen pediatric knee specimens (aged 8-12 years) underwent dissection and uniaxial tensile testing to failure. Mechanical parameters, including maximum load, stiffness, linear modulus, tensile strain, and tensile strength, were calculated. Results were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Tukey-adjusted Results: The ITB demonstrated comparable mechanical properties to the ACL and MCL. The ITB also exhibited lower stiffness than the PCL ( Conclusion: The ITB shows biomechanical properties similar to the ACL and MCL, supporting its use as a graft in pediatric knee ligament reconstruction. These findings enhance the understanding of pediatric ligament mechanics and inform graft selection in surgical planning. Clinical Relevance: The study highlights the ITB's biomechanical similarity to the ACL, informing graft selection for ACL reconstruction in pediatric patients.

Indexed as

ACL reconstructionbiomechanicsiliotibial band

Identifiers

PMID41732229
PMCPMC12924960

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.