Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41732119›Full record

ArticleImmunology and cell biology2026

IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.

Silvia Innocentin, Ross McKenzie, Jayalini Assalaarachchi, Helena A Carslaw, Anusha Gupta, Sanne Cole, Adrian Liston, Michelle A Linterman, Louise Webb, Alice R Burton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunology and cell biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Silvia InnocentinLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Ross McKenzieLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Jayalini AssalaarachchiLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Helena A CarslawLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Anusha GuptaLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Sanne ColeLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Adrian ListonDepartment of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-4085
Michelle A LintermanLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-1996
Louise WebbLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1484
Alice R BurtonLymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1049-1176

Funding

UK Research and Innovation BBS/E/B/000C0427UK Research and Innovation BB/W001578/1UK Research and Innovation EP/X022382/1Wellcome Trust 222793/Z/21/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccines stimulate protective humoral immunity by coordinating lymphocyte activity in the germinal center (GC) response. However, the degree of protection varies across the population, with older individuals often showing lower titer antibody responses to vaccines. Previous work has correlated increased exposure to Th1 cytokines, like IL-2, with poor antibody responses in aging. Whether this is a causal relationship is unknown. Here we used Il2

Indexed as

Antibody FormationInterleukin-2T Follicular Helper CellsT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerVaccinationAnimalsB-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationGerminal CenterImmunity, HumoralMiceMice, Inbred C57BLInterleukin-2Germinal centerIL‐2T‐follicular helpervaccination

Identifiers

PMID41732119
PMCPMC13071127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.