ArticleThe Journal of physiology2026
Females exhibit greater cardiac volume reductions with expiratory muscle loading during submaximal exercise compared to males.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Intrathoracic pressure (ITP) modulates venous return, ventricular filling and ejection throughout the respiratory cycle, and its fluctuations are accentuated during exercise. We sought to determine whether ITP manipulation during submaximal exercise alters cardiac volumes differently in males and females. Young, healthy participants completed two protocols (both n = 30, 15 females): (i) inspiratory loaded breathing (75 W and 30% W
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