Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41731800›Full record

SynthesisMedicine2026

Non-pharmacological postpartum interventions for management of maternal stress in postpartum period: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie, Maryam Nakhaee Moghadam, Shahla Faal Siahkal, Hayedeh Arbabi, Maryam Koochakzai

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Khadije Rezaie KeikhaieZabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Maryam Nakhaee MoghadamDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Amir al Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Shahla Faal SiahkalDepartment of Midwifery, Mara.C., Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-6760-3138
Hayedeh ArbabiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
Maryam KoochakzaiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the crucial postpartum stage, mothers undergo substantial physiological and psychological shifts, with many experiencing stresses. Non-pharmacological interventions hold potential as a safe and effective way to manage postpartum stress compared to medication. The aim was to review non-pharmacological interventions for management of maternal stress in the postpartum period.

methodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on March 1, 2024 across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, focusing on clinical trials published in English from inception until the end of 2023. Clinical trials utilizing interventions other than pharmacological agents for management of stress among postpartum women were included. The study outcome was postpartum stress measured by any standard scale. The risk of bias assessment was done using JADAD scale for randomized trials.

resultsElectronic database searches initially yielded 9129 records, of which there remained 42 studies after removing duplicates and excluding records based on title and abstract screening. Finally, 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review as a result of searching in databases and reviewing the reference list of related reviews. The most common non-pharmacologic interventions were: support group; home visiting program; mother-infant transaction program; listening to music; advanced practice nurses' follow up through telephone calls; heart rate variability biofeedback; film addressing common stressors or a telephone support hotline; professionally-led telephone support or self-directed written support; home-based supportive-educational counseling; aerobic gymnastic exercise; telephone-based exercise or telephone-based wellness/support; home midwifery assistance; skin-to-skin contact; and social media-based parenting program. Despite the heterogeneity between the included studies, the majority demonstrated significant reduction in postpartum stress.

conclusionNon-pharmacological interventions reduce postpartum stress, which may offer safe alternatives to pharmacological treatments, particularly for breastfeeding mothers.

Indexed as

MothersPostpartum PeriodStress, PsychologicalClinical Trials as TopicFemaleHumansMusic Therapynon-pharmacological interventionpostpartum periodstresssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41731800
PMCPMC12928928

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.