ArticleJournal of advanced nursing2026
Psychological Outcomes of Family Members Related to a Loved One's Resuscitation in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of advanced nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to assess the psychological outcomes of family members of patients who were resuscitated in the Emergency Department (ED) and analyse factors associated with these outcomes.
designThis study utilised a cross-sectional design.
methodsData were collected using a self-reported questionnaire sent to family members of patients who had undergone resuscitation in the ED from February 2024 to January 2025. Instruments for data collection included The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the short version of The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21), the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) and questions related to demographic variables and the resuscitation event.
resultsA total of 106 family members completed the questionnaire. Of this, 64.2% (n = 68) reported witnessing the resuscitation attempt, and 35.8% (n = 38) did not witness the event. Family members who witnessed the resuscitation displayed more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), measured by the IES-R, compared to those who did not witness the event. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the IES-R and the MQLI scores, indicating that higher PTSD symptoms correlate with lower quality of life (QoL) ratings.
conclusionThe findings of this study indicated that witnessing the resuscitation of a loved one in the ED is associated with increased PTSD symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND PATIENT CARE: Patients' and family members' cultural and religious needs should be acknowledged by the health care providers. Study findings indicate that family members prefer to be with the patient during the patient's resuscitation. However, without adequate support from hospital staff, this experience may cause adverse psychological effects. Strategies to support family members during and after resuscitation should be developed and integrated into the management of in-hospital resuscitation. REPORTING
methodThis study followed the STROBE guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.
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