ArticleBMC medicine2026
Neural vulnerability to stress in adolescents: a longitudinal study using polyconnectomic scoring of depression risk.
Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAdolescence is a sensitive period of brain development when perceived stress can shape emotional and cognitive outcomes. However, it remains unclear how neural vulnerability modulates these effects.
methodsIn a longitudinal cohort of 407 adolescents, we assessed perceived stress, emotional symptoms, and cognitive function at baseline and follow-up. Neural vulnerability was indexed using polyconnectomic scoring for major depressive disorder (PCS-MDD), derived from large-scale functional connectivity patterns. An independent cohort of 80 adolescents with clinically diagnosed depressive disorders was included to explore the generalizability of the findings.
resultsAt baseline, perceived stress was strongly associated with anxiety (β = 0.59, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.55, p < 0.001), and was modestly associated with lower performance across multiple cognitive domains. Longitudinally, increases in perceived stress were robustly associated with increases in anxiety (β = 0.56, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). Moreover, PCS-MDD significantly moderated these associations (anxiety symptoms: p = 0.025, ΔR
conclusionsHigher PCS-MDD is associated with greater variability in stress-related emotional outcomes during adolescence. These results suggest that neural vulnerability may moderate the emotional correlates of stress and underscore the potential relevance of personalized interventions targeting stress regulation in youth with elevated vulnerability profiles.
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