Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41731269›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2026

Symptom Resolution Characteristics: Initial Symptom Trajectories of Collegiate Students with and without Persisting Symptoms After Concussion.

Kumiko Hashida, Eric J Shumski, Donna K Broshek, Stanley A Herring, Robert J Elbin, Russell M Bauer, Jamie E Pardini, Jacob E Resch, Anne Mucha, Michael A McCrea and 4 more

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Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Kumiko HashidaUGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. Kumiko.Hashida@uga.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-9955
Eric J ShumskiUGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Donna K BroshekDepartment of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioral Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Stanley A HerringDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Robert J ElbinDepartment of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Russell M BauerDepartment of Clinical & Health Psychology, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Jamie E PardiniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Jacob E ReschUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Anne MuchaUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center Rehabilitation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Michael A McCreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Thomas W McAllisterDepartment of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Steven P BroglioMichigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Julianne D SchmidtUGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
CARE Consortium Investigators

Funding

Office of the Secretary of Defense W81XWH1420151Office of the Secretary of Defense W81XWH1820047U.S. Army Materiel Command 21702-5014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this study was to describe and compare symptom characteristics using individual symptom items and symptom clusters over time between collegiate athletes with and without persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC).

methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association and US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium were analyzed. PSaC was defined as symptoms lasting longer than 28 days post-concussion, while NoPSaC included individuals who became asymptomatic within 28 days. We analyzed 323 PSaC cases and 3973 cases without PSaC. Symptoms were assessed through the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd edition symptom checklist during the initial 14 days after concussion. Individual symptom scores and symptom cluster scores were collected as outcomes. We conducted separate generalized linear mixed models for each symptom and symptom cluster using ordinal distribution. Effects included group main effect, time main effect, and its interaction (group × time).

resultsThere were significant interactions for all individual symptoms and symptom clusters (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the PSaC group experienced significantly more severe symptoms across 14 days post-concussion for all individual symptoms and symptom clusters, relative to the NoPSaC group. The highest symptom score reported was headaches followed by 'pressure in head' during the first week of the injury.

conclusionOur findings highlighted the significant differences in symptom recovery patterns between individuals with and without PSaC. The PSaC group reported significantly higher symptom scores and showed less consistent, slower, and less pronounced symptom improvement across concussion recovery. In contrast, the NoPSaC group showed consistent symptom improvement.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesBrain ConcussionPost-Concussion SyndromeAdolescentAthletesFemaleHeadacheHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesStudentsUniversitiesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41731269

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