ArticleDiscover oncology2026
CXCL1 as a novel prognostic biomarker and immune regulator in colon adenocarcinoma.
Article in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The chemokine network in lupus nephritis: pathogenesis, targeted therapies, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cytokine and chemokine networks in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionColon Adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains a prominent problem among cancers today. COAD is one of the malignancies with a significant overexpression of CXCL1, an enzyme involved in cellular metabolism. However, the key targets for colon cancer are not yet well understood. As a result, the purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of CXCL1 in order to assess its potential as a predictive biomarker for colon cancer.
methodsGenetic changes, genomic expression, and methylation analyses were sourced from the TCGA, CPTAC, UALCAN, HPA, cBioPortal, and MethSurv databases. The gene expression is validated by qPCR. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of CXCL1 in COAD was assessed using data from ROC analysis and KM-plotter. Functional analyses were performed utilizing the GeneMANIA and STRING databases, along with gene-gene and PPI networks, GO terms, and KEGG pathway analyses. The relationship with immune escape was explored through analyses conducted using the TIMER, TISIDB, and GEPIA databases. Additionally, GSCALite was utilized to analyze drug sensitivity in relation to CXCL1 expression in tumors.
resultsCXCL1 expression was found to be statistically significantly higher in COAD cells than in their corresponding normal control cells, according to qPCR analysis. ROC analysis identified CXCL1 as a highly accurate biomarker for diagnosing COAD (AUC = 0.725). Univariate Cox regression and KM analysis indicated that while high CXCL1 expression was significantly associated with improved OS and RFS (P < 0.001), its genetic alteration (amplification) was associated with a significantly shorter DFI (P = 0.037). Functional analyses confirmed CXCL1’s role in chemokine-mediated signaling and leukocyte chemotaxis, and also suggested involvement in cellular redox metabolism. Furthermore, CXCL1 overexpression was strongly correlated with promoter hypomethylation (e.g., cg19170015, P < 6e-10), and this hypomethylation intensified with advancing pathological stage. CXCL1 expression exhibited a robust correlation with the infiltration of myeloid cells, particularly macrophage (Rho = 0.693) and neutrophil cells, strongly suggesting it affects the TME and is associated with immune checkpoints. Finally, high CXCL1 expression was broadly correlated with drug resistance in pan-cancer cell lines but showed mixed sensitivity associations in COAD-specific cell lines.
conclusionsThis study’s comprehensive analyses indicate CXCL1 as a novel biomarker for COAD.
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