Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41731079›Full record

ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2026

CITED2 is a druggable epigenetic switch coupling neuronal maturation to regenerative decline.

Franziska Müller, Eilidh McLachlan, Ana Catarina Costa, Jia Qu, Bishal Shrestha, Zheng Wang, Francesco De Virgiliis, Thomas Haynes Hutson, Luming Zhou, Guiping Kong and 7 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Franziska MüllerDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2070-7508
Eilidh McLachlanDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Ana Catarina CostaNerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
Jia QuDepartment of Neuroscience, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Bishal ShresthaDepartment of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-4245, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-8330-4348
Zheng WangDepartment of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-4245, USA.
Francesco De VirgiliisDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland.
Thomas Haynes HutsonThe Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering in Geneva, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland.
Luming ZhouDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Guiping KongDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Jessica S ChadwickDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Paolo La MontanaraDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5146-9269
Zhulin YuanDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Nejc HabermanDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Monica M SousaNerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
Ilaria PalmisanoDepartment of Neuroscience, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7139-8090
Simone Di GiovanniDivision of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK. s.di-giovanni@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-3154-5399

Funding

Advanced algorithms to infer and analyze 3D genome structuresR35GM137974 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CORAL GABLES · PI WANG, ZHENG · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
Role of 3D chromatin architecture in axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injuryR56NS138373 · NINDS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI PALMISANO, ILARIA · 2025 to 2025
$540k
National Institute Of NeurologicalDisorders And Stroke of the National Institutes of Health IP, Award Number R56NS138373NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM137974NINDS NIH HHS R56 NS138373Wings for Life WFL-US-20/24 IP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuronal maturation involves a tightly regulated cessation of growth and acquisition of polarity, ultimately leading to synapse formation. While essential for circuit stability, maturation marks the loss of regenerative capacity after central nervous system (CNS) injury. The molecular programs coupling maturation to regenerative decline remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the transcriptional and epigenetic signatures enabling axon growth in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are lost as they transition from immature, non-polarized cells to mature, pseudo-unipolar neurons. We identify the transcriptional co-regulator CITED2 as a key epigenetic switch, active in immature and regenerating DRG neurons but silent after non-regenerative spinal cord injury (SCI). Cited2 overexpression reactivates growth programs, enhancing regeneration in vivo after SCI. Mechanistically, CITED2 reinstates developmental epigenetic and transcriptional profiles, decoupling maturation from regenerative failure. Pharmacogenomic screening identified CITED2 as a target of the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor Panobinostat, which promoted axonal growth, sprouting, and functional recovery post-injury. These findings position CITED2 as a key regulator of sensory neuron plasticity and a novel therapeutic target for CNS repair.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticNerve RegenerationNeuronsRepressor ProteinsSpinal Cord InjuriesTrans-ActivatorsAnimalsGanglia, SpinalMiceCited2 protein, mouseRepressor ProteinsTrans-ActivatorsAxonal RegenerationCited2Neuronal MaturationSpinal Cord InjuryTranscription

Identifiers

PMID41731079
PMCPMC13083982

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.