Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41731034›Full record

ArticleEye (London, England)2026

Comparison of portable devices with standard glaucoma diagnostic testing for the detection of glaucoma for the purposes of glaucoma case finding in low-and middle- income countries.

Farouk Garba, Fatima Kyari, Matthew Burton, Victor H Hu, David MacLeod, Peter Jones, Mubarak Bello, Abdulrashid Ibrahim, Goodness Diala, Ajefu Rose Ada and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Eye (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Farouk GarbaInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Farouk.Garba@lshtm.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5341-0853
Fatima KyariInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Matthew BurtonInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-9169
Victor H HuInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9883-668X
David MacLeodInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Peter JonesCity St George's, University of London, Department of Optometry & Visual Sciences, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-8397
Mubarak BelloDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abdulrashid IbrahimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Goodness DialaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Ajefu Rose AdaCollege of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Kenneth EzurikeCollege of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8032-561X
Micheal Ochefu AjefuCollege of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Abigail YohannaCollege of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Winifred NolanInternational Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Funding

Velux Stiftung (Velux Foundation) 101291IR10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesGlaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with the greatest burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to diagnostic services is limited. Portable devices, which are simple to use and comparable to standard tests, may strengthen early detection and referral. This study evaluated selected portable glaucoma assessment devices against standard reference tools in Nigeria and identified which tests or combinations most closely matched a glaucoma diagnosis. SUBJECTS/

methodsIn this cross-sectional study at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, 312 participants (524 eyes) underwent both portable and conventional testing: Peek CS vs. Pelli-Robson (contrast sensitivity), Peek Acuity vs. LogMAR (visual acuity), iCare vs. Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT) (intraocular pressure), Eyecatcher vs. Humphrey Field Analyzer (visual fields), and Remedio handheld fundus camera vs. slit lamp (optic discs). Agreement, diagnostic accuracy (AUC), completion rates, and patient preference were assessed.

resultsStrong correlations were observed between iCare and GAT IOP (r = 0.96), Peek and LogMAR acuity (r = 0.82), and Remedio handheld fundus camera and slit lamp CDR (r = 0.82). The Remedio handheld fundus camera achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.91; sensitivity 82.4%, specificity 99.8%). Combining Remedio with Eyecatcher MD (AUC = 0.86) or iCare IOP (AUC = 0.83) also performed well. Portable devices were faster, had higher completion rates, and were strongly preferred by participants, particularly iCare and Eyecatcher.

conclusionsPortable devices showed good agreement with standard tools and high acceptability, supporting their potential role in glaucoma screening in resource-limited settings. Further community-based validation is recommended.

Indexed as

Diagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalGlaucomaAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDeveloping CountriesFemaleHumansIntraocular PressureMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaRapid Diagnostic TestsReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTonometry, Ocular

Identifiers

PMID41731034
PMCPMC13161261

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.