Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41730872›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Transforming disorder in the design of advanced high-entropy oxide electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries.

Xiaoran Zheng, Sajjad S Mofarah, Richard F Webster, Jinqiang Zhang, Claudio Cazorla, Yan Nie, Shuhao Wang, Yue Jiang, Thibault De Villenoisy, Jinbo Wang and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Xiaoran ZhengSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. xiaoran.zheng@unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-5260
Sajjad S MofarahSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. s.seifimofarah@unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-767X
Richard F WebsterSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-928X
Jinqiang ZhangCentre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5476-0134
Claudio CazorlaDepartament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-4513
Yan NieSchool of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-1390
Shuhao WangSchool of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Yue JiangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-657X
Thibault De VillenoisySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-4489
Jinbo WangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Yin YaoElectron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Tingwen ZhaoSchool of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Liming DaiSchool of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-160X
Shery L Y ChangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Chuan ZhaoSchool of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-5946
Dewei ChuSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-0560
Leigh SheppardSolar Energy Technologies Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
Pramod KoshySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. koshy@unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-5535
Charles C SorrellSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on high-entropy oxides generally is limited to elemental and structural interpretations applied to the performance of cathodes. However, there are only limited data on the principles of increasing disorder in terms of structural, electronic, and atomic mechanisms as materials convert from ordered to disordered. Zn-air battery cathodes are limited by slow kinetics, imbalanced oxygen evolution reaction charging, imbalanced oxygen reduction reaction discharging, and scalability (through the necessity of benchmark noble metals). The present work pioneers the engineering of multilevel disorder in high-entropy oxides, thereby transforming an intrinsically inactive matrix into a highly active cathode. Systematic modification of the disorder through increasing number of cations leads to the abrupt development of structural (2D defects), electronic (semimetallic conductivity), and atomic (low-coordination Ce) disorder. This multilevel disorder engineering of high-entropy oxides results in MnNiCoFe-CeO

Identifiers

PMID41730872
PMCPMC13039157

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.