Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41730655›Full record

SynthesisMagnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine2026

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting MGMT Promoter Methylation in Glioblastoma Using MR Imaging: A Systematic Review.

Hamza M N Khoursheed, Hamzeh O Qudah, Omar Hossain, Fadi W AlZraikat, Irfan Ullah, Muna T Al-Husban

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hamza M N KhoursheedSchool of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
Hamzeh O QudahSchool of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Omar HossainIndependent Researcher, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Fadi W AlZraikatSchool of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan.
Irfan UllahBacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Muna T Al-HusbanQueen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is a critical biomarker for guiding chemotherapy decisions, yet current testing requires invasive tissue sampling. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models using MRI for non-invasive prediction of MGMT promoter methylation status in GBM.

methodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Web of Science and EMBASE, identifying 480 records. After duplicate removal and screening, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Data extracted included AI model architecture, MRI sequences, segmentation methods, and diagnostic metrics. A bivariate random-effects model was used to pool sensitivity and specificity. Meta-regression analyses assessed the effect of AI model type on diagnostic performance. Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

resultsThe bivariate random-effects model yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.536 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.509-0.563) and a pooled specificity of 0.514 (95% CI: 0.454-0.574), indicating moderate between-study heterogeneity, with an area under the curve of 0.56. The best-performing models included MGMT-net and transformer-based architectures, particularly when using multimodal MRI inputs. Studies employing automated segmentation and single-sequence input (e.g., T2-weighted only) generally demonstrated lower performance. QUADAS-2 assessment indicated a low risk of bias in most domains, with concerns regarding index test thresholds and external validation in some studies.

conclusionAI-based MRI models show moderate-to-high potential for non-invasive MGMT methylation prediction in GBM. However, heterogeneity in study design, imaging protocols, and validation approaches highlights the need for standardized methodologies and robust external validation before clinical adoption.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBrain NeoplasmsDNA MethylationDNA Modification MethylasesDNA Repair EnzymesGlioblastomaMagnetic Resonance ImagingPromoter Regions, GeneticTumor Suppressor ProteinsHumansSensitivity and SpecificityDNA Modification MethylasesDNA Repair EnzymesMGMT protein, humanTumor Suppressor Proteinsartificial intelligenceglioblastomamagnetic resonance imagingO6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase methylation

Identifiers

PMID41730655
PMCPMC13265406

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.