ArticleJornal de pediatria
The impact of adenoid hypertrophy across pediatric age groups on maxillomandibular development and position.
Article in Jornal de pediatria. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveAlthough adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is associated with malocclusion, its age-specific impact on craniofacial development across different dentition stages remains unclear. This study aimed to assess AH-related craniofacial changes across distinct phases of dental development.
methodsThis retrospective study analyzed 180 children divided into three age groups: 3-5, 5-8, and 8-11 years. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate sagittal skeletal relationships (SNA, SNB, ANB), dentoalveolar position (NA-Apo), occlusal plane inclination (NPo-FH), jaw lengths (ANS-Ptm, Co-Gn), and overjet. Comparisons were made between the AH and control groups within each age cohort.
resultsIn the 3-5 year group, no significant craniofacial differences were found between AH and control subjects. Between 5-8 years, AH was linked to a significantly lower SNB angle and higher NA-Apo angle (p < 0.05). By 8-11 years, AH patients showed significantly reduced SNA, SNB, and NPo-FH angles, along with increased ANB, NA-Apo, and overjet values compared to controls (p < 0.05).
conclusionAH was associated with age-dependent craniofacial changes-such as mandibular retrusion, dental protrusion, posterior occlusal tilt, and increased overjet-without altering jaw length. Early diagnosis and timely intervention during key growth stages are crucial to prevent long-term facial abnormalities. Given the retrospective, 2D cephalometric design, causality could not be inferred, and longitudinal or treatment effects could not be assessed.
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