ArticleAutophagy2026
Increased macrophage autophagy with unique polarization in rheumatoid synovium.
Article in Autophagy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- ADAM19 participated in peritoneal fibrosis by regulating M2 macrophage polarization in peritoneal dialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From uric acid to tophi: multistage molecular and cellular mechanisms of tophi formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The auditory nerve glial transition zone is a focal site of age-related immune-myelin interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovitis and joint destruction, with macrophages playing a crucial role in pathogenesis. Macroautophagy/autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis and has been implicated in RA, but its role in macrophage polarization remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy-related molecules and macrophage phenotypes in RA synovium. Synovial tissues from patients with RA were analyzed and compared with samples of osteoarthritis (OA) and less-inflammatory synovium (LIS) obtained at immediate surgery for hip fracture. Synovitis severity was histologically assessed, and cellular ultrastructure was examined via electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and flow cytometry were used to analyze autophagy-related molecules and macrophage phenotypes. RA synovium exhibited significant inflammation, with macrophage-like synovial cells and intimal macrophages showing abundant autophagy-related structures in comparison to those of OA and LIS. Autophagy markers, BECN1 (beclin 1), WIPI2, ATG5, ATG16L1, LC3B, ATG3, SQSTM1, and LAMP1, were highly expressed in CD68
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.