ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2026
Trends and disparities in cyclist injury metrics across world bank income groups: a comprehensive analysis of orthopaedic trauma epidemiology from the Global Burden of Disease study (1990-2021).
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study examines global trends and disparities in cyclist injury metrics across World Bank income groups using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2021. Cyclist injuries contribute significantly to global health burdens, with marked disparities influenced by economic and demographic factors.
methodsUtilizing the GBD database, this analysis investigates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), mortality, and injury incidence rates among cyclists, stratified by income group and gender. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and post hoc tests, were conducted to assess significant differences across groups.
resultsMales consistently exhibited higher DALYs, mortality, and injury incidence rates than females across all income groups. Economic disparities were evident: lower-income groups experienced higher mortality and DALY rates but lower injury incidence than wealthier groups. In 2021, upper middle-income males recorded the highest DALYs (~ 90 per 100,000), while lower-income males had persistently high mortality rates. High-income groups showed significant declines in all metrics over the study period, reflecting improved safety measures and healthcare access. ANOVA results confirmed statistically significant differences across income and gender categories, with effect sizes indicating moderate but meaningful disparities.
conclusionsThe study reveals major inequalities in road safety, healthcare access, and injury outcomes. Cyclists in low-income regions face higher risks due to poor infrastructure and limited trauma care. Greater global investment in cycling safety, equitable resource distribution, and gender-specific initiatives are needed. This first global analysis by income group offers actionable insights to reduce disparities and improve cyclist safety worldwide.
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