Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41729271›Full record

ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2026

Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit.

A Coclici, D Canu, J Bretthauer, M Biscaldi, N Smyrnis, Christoph Klein

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Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

A CocliciClinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
D CanuClinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
J BretthauerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
M BiscaldiClinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
N Smyrnis2nd Psychiatry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece.
Christoph KleinDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. christoph.klein@uk-koeln.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to voluntarily control eye movements is part of the "executive function" domain, which includes working memory and is impaired in neuro-developmental disorders such as ADHD. The present study aimed to investigate two types of "executive" saccades - anti-saccades (AS) and memory-guided saccades (MGS) - as well as their relationships in samples of children and adolescents with ADHD and neurotypical controls. To that end, anti-saccades and memory-guided saccades were recorded in n = 65 participants with ADHD (age 9.2-17.1 years) and n = 74 neurotypical controls (aged 9.1-17.3 years) as part of a larger ocular-motor test battery, using the EyeLink 1000 + eye tracker (SR-Research). Results reveal less correct MGS with lower spatial accuracy as well as a trend for less correct AS with normal spatial accuracy in participants with ADHD, compared to neurotypical controls. Furthermore, the spatial accuracies of AS and MGS were significantly correlated in the control (r=.35) and ADHD (r=.26) groups, corresponding to medium effect sizes (eta2: control: 0.12, ADHD: 0.07). These findings suggest that the storage of spatial information in working memory, as required in the MGS task, is impaired in ADHD, while the processing of this information, as required in the AS task, remains largely intact. The correlations between the two task parameters in both groups confirm that storage and processing are related abilities in working memory and that this relationship is basically intact in ADHD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityMemory, Short-TermSaccadesSpatial MemoryVisual PerceptionAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMaleADHDAnti-saccade taskEye trackingMemory-guided saccade taskVisual-spatial working memory

Identifiers

PMID41729271
PMCPMC13337579

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.