ArticleCurrent microbiology2026
Functional Genomics and Enzymatic Diversity of Gut Bacteria in Apis mellifera: A Multi-Approach Study from India.
Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut microbiota of the western honey bee Apis mellifera plays a vital role in host nutrition, digestion, immunity, and overall colony health. Although the functional and enzymatic capabilities of bee-associated microbes are increasingly recognized, studies integrating culture-dependent screening with metagenomic functional profiling remain scarce. This study characterizes the gut bacterial communities of forager and hive bees from the Indian subcontinent using cultivation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, enzyme assays, and metagenomic analysis. A total of 165 isolates were obtained, yielding 85 unique strains deposited in GenBank. Metagenomic assembly generated 7.78 million non-redundant genes, including 11,050 KEGG-annotated and 2.43 million CAZy-annotated genes. Forager bees showed pronounced enrichment of carbohydrate-processing pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (22.9%), galactose metabolism (4.42%), starch and sucrose metabolism, and ABC transporters (9.80%), consistent with their nectar- and pollen-rich diet. Culture-based biochemical assays revealed substantial enzymatic diversity among isolates belonging to Bacillus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Cedecea, Clostridium, Lysinibacillus, and Aneurinibacillus. High invertase activities were recorded in Xanthomonas sp. HAmf44 (2.509 U/mg), Clostridium argentinense HAmf20 (2.470 U/mg), Lysinibacillus fusiformis HAmh15 (2.509 U/mg), and Bacillus paralicheniformis HAmh05 (2.333 U/mg). Strong lipolytic activities were observed in Cedecea davisae HAmf19 (6.062 U/mg), Pseudomonas aeruginosa HAmh21 (5.927 U/mg), and Enterobacter cloacae HAmf26 (3.349 U/mg). Significant variation among isolates (p = 0.001) underscored the functional diversity of the gut microbiota. Integrating KEGG orthologs with species abundance revealed that dominant taxa-including Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium-drive key metabolic pathways. Overall, this study provides the first combined enzymatic and metagenomic assessment of A. mellifera gut microbiota from India and identifies high-performing strains with probiotic potential to enhance honey bee nutrition and colony productivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41729207What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.