Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41729104›Full record

ArticlePublic health nursing (Boston, Mass.)

Development and Validation of Self-Management Infographics for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Kenya.

Pauline Muthoni Maina, Melanie Pienaar

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Pauline Muthoni MainaSchool of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-9502
Melanie PienaarSchool of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-664X

Funding

Dr Edward King BursaryUniversity of the Free State
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of the study was to develop and validate a set of infographics tailored for self-management by patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural Kenya, to prevent chronic kidney disease.

designIn collaboration with two graphic designers and through an iterative participatory process, the authors developed self-management infographics tailored for patients with T2DM. The authors followed the following steps in the development process: goal identification, target audience identification, definition of the intended message, identification of relevant symbols or graphics and infographic compilation. SAMPLE: The images were validated by using participatory groups with patients with T2DM (n = 13) and healthcare workers (n = 7) caring for patients with T2DM. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9186 testing guided the comprehension level of images.

resultsIn total, 28 infographics received a score greater than 66%. The following characteristics significantly affected the comprehensibility of the infographics: whether written text was included, prior knowledge, viewers' frames, image characteristics, whether images were familiar/commonly encountered, the positioning of images, and colors and measurements that could be interpreted intuitively.

conclusionsThe authors conclude that an iterative approach is viable for developing tailored infographics for specific populations.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Infographics as TopicPatient Education as TopicSelf-ManagementFemaleHumansKenyaMaleMiddle AgedRural Populationdiabetes educationdiabetes mellituspatient participationrural healthself‐managementtype 2validation studies

Identifiers

PMID41729104
PMCPMC13108626

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.