Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41729056›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2026

Clinical and MRI substrates of Symbol Digit Modalities Test impairment in multiple sclerosis patients with an adult- and late-onset.

Antonia L Wenger, Elisabetta Pagani, Alessandro Meani, Paolo Preziosa, Antonio Gallo, Elisabeth Solana, Menno M Schoonheim, Christian Enzinger, Sergiu Groppa, Mario A Ocampo-Pineda and 7 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Antonia L WengerTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Platform Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Elisabetta PaganiNeuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Alessandro MeaniNeuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8189-0452
Paolo PreziosaNeuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7826-0019
Antonio GalloDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.
Elisabeth SolanaNeuroimmunology and MS Unit, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Menno M SchoonheimDepartment of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2504-6959
Christian EnzingerDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Sergiu GroppaDepartment of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
Mario A Ocampo-PinedaTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Alessandro CagolTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7703-0553
Matthias WeigelTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4910-1414
Pasquale CalabreseNeuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Interdisciplinary Platform Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Ludwig KapposTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4175-5509
Cristina GranzieraTranslational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4917-8761
Massimo FilippiNeuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5485-0479
Maria A RoccaNeuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2358-4320

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) onset occurs at diverse ages. Age of onset impact on clinical, brain MRI, and cognitive profiles remains unclear. We investigated the substrates of Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) impairment in patients with late-onset MS (LOMS) (⩾45 years) compared to adult-onset MS (AOMS) (<45 years).

methods294 AOMS and 80 LOMS patients with disease duration of maximum 6 years from symptom onset and 519 healthy controls were retrospectively included from a multicenter MAGNIMS data set. We assessed between-group differences and correlates of SDMT impairment measuring lesion volume (LV), atrophy, global, intra- and inter-hemispheric structural connectivity and disconnection indices.

results38% LOMS were impaired on SDMT compared to 39% AOMS (

conclusionsSubstrates contributing to SDMT impairment differ between these two distinct cohorts, being primarily driven by network dysfunction in AOMS and neurodegenerative processes in LOMS.

Indexed as

BrainCognitive DysfunctionGray MatterMultiple SclerosisAdultAge of OnsetAtrophyFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsRetrospective Studiescognitive impairmentlate-onset multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosisstructural connectivity

Identifiers

PMID41729056
PMCPMC12953661

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.