Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41728322›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Metagenomic strain tracking reveals patterns of bacterial spread and the impact of water chlorination.

Daehyun D Kim, Colin J Worby, Hannah Wharton, Arjun Miklos, Benard Chieng, Sammy M Njenga, Ashlee M Earl, Amy J Pickering

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Daehyun D KimDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Colin J WorbyInfectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Hannah WhartonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Arjun MiklosInfectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Benard ChiengKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Sammy M NjengaKenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ashlee M EarlInfectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Amy J PickeringDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6193-2221

Funding

Viral Genomics: evolution, spread, and host interactionsU19AI110818 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI BIRREN, BRUCE W., NEAFSEY, DANIEL E · 2014 to 2024
$66.5M
Effect of drinking water treatment on bacterial strain sharing among Kenyan childrenR21AI171890 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI EARL, ASHLEE MIRIAM, PICKERING, AMY J. · 2022 to 2023
$421k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI171890NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI110818
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Children in LMICs are exposed to and colonized by a range of pathogenic bacteria, yet patterns of bacterial exchange between humans are not well known, in part because culturing and sequencing single bacterial isolates is labor-intensive. Here, we apply a machine learning strain tracking approach to metagenomic data from 511 stool samples from children and mothers across urban and rural Kenyan communities to characterize bacterial dissemination and assess if community-wide water chlorination disrupts transmission. We identified distinct strain-sharing dynamics across species; potentially pathogenic taxa (e.g.,

Identifiers

PMID41728322
PMCPMC12919115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.