Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41728068›Full record

ArticleResearch in comparative and international education2026

Educator and student perspectives for enhancing international students' sense of belonging in Ontario secondary schools.

Clayton Smith, George Zhou, Thu Thi Kim Le, Atiya Razi, Michelle Marcuz, Chi Lam Chan, Thivya Sriramachandran

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research in comparative and international education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Clayton SmithUniversity of Windsor, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-9193
George ZhouUniversity of Windsor, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-633X
Thu Thi Kim LeHo Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Vietnam.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-1584
Atiya RaziUniversity of Windsor, Canada.
Michelle MarcuzGreater Essex County District School Board, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9332-2298
Chi Lam ChanThe University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Thivya SriramachandranUniversity of Windsor, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explored the current educational practices and strategies secondary schools implement to enhance a sense of belonging for their international students for academic achievement, the development of teacher and peer relationships, and school commitment and involvement. The study applied a convergent mixed-methods approach, which incorporated both qualitative and quantitative elements that engaged 45 international students and nine teachers/staff. The combination of these two types of data shed light on six key themes: (a) school, teacher, staff and student connections; (b) peer relationships; (c) communities, clubs, and social groups; (d) classroom motivation and engagement; (e) available resources and school systems; and (f) sociodemographic variables, in enhancing international students' sense of belonging. Recommendations for professional practice are discussed, along with implications for institutions, educators, and families.

Indexed as

Canadian educationinternational studentsOntario secondary schoolssense of belonging

Identifiers

PMID41728068
PMCPMC12919767

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.