Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41727872›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in reproductive health2026

Old but gold: an historical perspective of wet mount microscopy and its current role for the diagnosis of vaginitis.

Lorenzo Agoni

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Lorenzo AgoniUnit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the invention of the microscope, physicians and gynecologists have utilized wet mount microscopy of vaginal fluids. A significant milestone was the discovery of Trichomonas vaginalis by Alfred François Donné in 1836. As the century progressed, research by Albert Döderlein shifted focus to the presence of lactobacilli. In the early 1920s, Christine Marie Berkhout provided a detailed description of the fungus Candida. For many years, understanding the microbiology of vaginal fluids in health and disease played a crucial role in diagnosing vaginitis and sexually transmitted infections. The development of culturing techniques on Petri dishes and later molecular biology methods, which became widespread and commercially accessible, offered more accurate diagnostic options, leading to the gradual decline of office microscopy. In this perspective article, we explore the advantages of maintaining office microscopy as a crucial component of gynecological examinations at point of care, especially for diagnosing vaginitis.

Indexed as

aerobic vaginitisbacterial vaginosiscytolytic vaginosishistory of vaginitistrichomoniasisvaginal infectionsvulvovaginal candidiasiswet mount microscopy

Identifiers

PMID41727872
PMCPMC12916579

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.