ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026
Heterotopic Ossification After Multiligament Knee Injury Is Associated With Knee-Spanning External Fixation and Central Nervous System Trauma.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The prevention of heterotopic ossification around the knee: a scoping review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) may occur after multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs), with the potential to cause significant functional deficits. However, risk factors for HO after MLKI are not well understood. Purpose: To identify the incidence and risk factors for HO after MLKI. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were included if they had undergone treatment for an MLKI by a single surgeon at a level 1 trauma center between 2001 and 2023, with radiographs at the time of injury and at a minimum 6-month follow-up. All data were obtained from electronic medical records. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed all cases for the presence of HO in the most recent radiographs, using the initial radiographs obtained at the time of injury for comparison. Patients were grouped by whether they had developed HO after MLKI. Univariable analyses were performed to compare patient, injury, and treatment characteristics between groups. Odds ratios (ORs) for HO were assessed by multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for ligament injury classification, mechanism of injury, documented dislocation, central nervous system (CNS) trauma, and knee-spanning external fixation (KSEF). Results: The studied cohort included 128 patients, of whom 28 were excluded due to insufficient follow-up. Of the remainder, 35 (35%) developed HO, with a mean follow-up of 35.17 months. In the univariable analysis, the HO group had significantly higher rates of documented dislocation, CNS trauma, and KSEF. In the multivariable analysis, KSEF (OR, 8.51; 95% CI, 21.81-31.717; Conclusion: The incidence of HO after MLKI was 35%. KSEF and CNS trauma were independently associated with HO. Recognition of these risk factors may help identify at-risk patients for closer monitoring and consideration of HO prophylaxis and should therefore be included in the decision-making strategy for KSEF versus early surgical treatment after MLKI.
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