ArticleNeuro-oncology advances
Development of an integrated risk stratification model for metastatic medulloblastoma (M2/3) using clinical, radiologic, and molecular variables.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Paediatric Medulloblastoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Approximately 20% of medulloblastoma (MB) patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and typically exhibit extremely poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate potential prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients with metastatic MB. Methods: Patients with initial diagnosis of metastatic MB (M2/3) at Beijing Tiantan Hospital were included. Radiological characteristics were discerned through a retrospective review. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was employed to identify potential prognostic factors. Results: This study included 115 patients with M2/3 MB. Group 4 MBs accounted for 59.1% of cases (68/115). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the 5-year EFS and OS rates were 56.1% and 68.7%, respectively. Patients with metastatic Group 3 MB and spinal metastases exhibited dismal outcomes. Postoperative "sandwich" strategy significantly prolonged 5-year EFS and OS rates. Multivariate COX regression models demonstrated that molecular subgrouping, metastatic patterns, and "sandwich" strategy were independent prognostic predictors for both EFS and OS in patients with M2/3 MB. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel risk stratification model for metastatic medulloblastoma that could potentially facilitate the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for the very high-risk patient population.
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