Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41727312›Full record

ArticleNature reviews. Methods primers2025

In vivo microelectrode arrays for neuroscience.

Nathaniel P Williams, Mihaly Voroslakos, Delin Shi, May Yoon Pwint, Vittorino Lanzio, Hongwei Mao, Pavlo Zolotavin, Euisik Yoon, Thomas Stieglitz, Chong Xie and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature reviews. Methods primers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Hands-free control of an assistive robotic arm for high-level paralysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
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  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Nathaniel P WilliamsDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8357-2770
Mihaly VoroslakosNeuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Delin ShiDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4129-5920
May Yoon PwintDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3390-4631
Vittorino LanzioDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Hongwei MaoCenter for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7287-8291
Pavlo ZolotavinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Euisik YoonDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Thomas StieglitzLaboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7349-4254
Chong XieDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5544-2864
Timothy D HarrisJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
Andrew B SchwartzDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Xinyan Tracy CuiDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0470-2005

Funding

Efficiency and Safety of Microstimulation Via Different Electrode MaterialsR01NS110564 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI CUI, XINYAN TRACY · 2019 to 2024
$3.1M
Investigation of Cognitive and Affective Deficits Post TBI Using Multimodal Flexible Neural ProbesR01NS136622 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI XINYAN Tracy CUI, AMY K WAGNER · 2024 to 2026
$1.6M
Nanoparticle Coated Microelectrode Arrays for Electrochemically Controlled Gene Editing at the Electrode SiteF32MH132145 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL P · 2023 to 2025
$250k
NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH132145NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110564NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS136622
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are devices capable of recording extracellular action potentials (spikes) from many neurons simultaneously and with high spatial and temporal resolution. MEAs have emerged as an invaluable tool for understanding how networks of neurons govern complex sensory, motor and decision-making processes. In this Primer, we introduce various in vivo MEA designs and describe their construction, characterization and applications. We describe approaches for effective device implantation and the use of MEA recordings in behavioural experiments. We then discuss strategies for obtaining high-quality and stable electrophysiological recordings, including through mitigating the foreign body reaction. We introduce the reader to spike sorting approaches with a focus on semi-automated sorting of high-channel-count data, as well as to the analysis of sorted spikes and their uses. Finally, we cover future trends and emerging MEA technology designed to expand current capabilities and overcome limitations, with a focus on biomimetic and multifunctional devices. This Primer should provide the reader with a foundation in the fundamental principles of MEA technology for in vivo use.

Identifiers

PMID41727312
PMCPMC12921556

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.