Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41727052›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Reproducible Tools and Enhanced Computational Workflows for Batch Effect Evaluation of High-Throughput Data Using BatchQC.

Jessica K Anderson, Jiwei Zhang, Xinshou Ge, Howard Fan, Yaoan Leng, Michael Silverstein, Regan Conrad, Zhaorong Li, Evan Holmes, Solomon S Joseph and 5 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jessica K AndersonDivision of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0542-9872
Jiwei ZhangAcademy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, PRC.
Xinshou GeDepartment of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Howard FanDivision of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Yaoan LengCollege of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Michael SilversteinCollege of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Regan ConradCollege of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Zhaorong LiCollege of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Evan HolmesCollege of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Solomon S JosephDivision of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Sean LuDivision of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8005-6125
Russell T ShinoharaCenter for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8627-8203
Tenglong LiAcademy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, PRC.ORCID 0000-0002-5243-1254
W Evan JohnsonDivision of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6247-6595
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
Harmonization of Multi-Site Neuroimaging Data from Complex Study DesignsR01MH123550 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SHINOHARA, RUSSELL TAKESHI · 2020 to 2025
$4.0M
Removing batch effects in high-throughput biomedical studiesR01GM127430 · NIGMS · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES · PI William Evan Johnson · 2018 to 2026
$2.4M
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM127430NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Batch effect correction is a common and often necessary step in data analysis to reduce bias due to technical and experimental factors when combining multiple batches of data. The severity of the batch effects dictates the correction strategy; therefore, a careful assessment of each dataset's batch effects is necessary. BatchQC is an R package that provides reproducible tools and visualizations for quantitatively and qualitatively addressing batch effects across a broad range of data types. BatchQC integrates with standardized Bioconductor data structures and features an object-oriented design, enabling the application of workflows that can freely evaluate and process data within and outside the package tools. Common batch evaluation methods, along with novel quantitative metrics, help determine the benefits of batch correction for each dataset and enable direct comparisons between methods. Here, we present BatchQC as the first comprehensive batch-correction R package, with independent tools, reproducible workflows, visualization, and novel statistics.

Identifiers

PMID41727052
PMCPMC12919236

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.