ArticleACS omega2026
High-Load Borage Oil Nanoemulsion Development via Polyol-Free D‑Phase Emulsification.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study presents the development of borage oil nanoemulsions using the D-phase emulsification (DPE) method, notably excluding alkyl polyols. Utilizing polysorbate 80 as the surfactant, the method achieves high oil concentrations (up to 50% w/w) with minimal surfactant use, obviating the need for hydrophilic-lipophilic balance adjustments. A Box-Behnken design analyzed the effects of borage oil, surfactant, and initial water concentrations on particle size and stability. Initial water concentration significantly reduced the average hydrodynamic diameter (AHD), with optimized formulations showing spherical droplets of 300-400 nm, narrow size distributions (PdI < 0.3), and robust zeta potential (←20 mV), maintaining physical stability for 12 months. Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analyses affirmed the amorphous or liquid crystalline state of the formulations. Scale-up to 1 kg retained similar physicochemical properties. The in vivo toxicity assessment in the
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.