Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41726498›Full record

ArticleAMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium2024

Developing RxNorm Extension: A Step Toward Global Drug Data Harmonization in Observational Drug Research.

Anna Ostropolets, Aleh Zhuk, Eduard Korchmar, Patrick Ryan, Christian Reich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. VO: The Vaccine Ontology.Scientific data · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anna OstropoletsColumbia University, New York NY, United States.
Aleh ZhukOdysseus, an EPAM Company, Cambridge MA, United States.
Eduard KorchmarOdysseus, an EPAM Company, Cambridge MA, United States.
Patrick RyanColumbia University, New York NY, United States.
Christian ReichNortheastern University, Portland ME, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents RxNorm Extension (RxE), a standardized drug vocabulary system designed to harmonize drug data across international databases. RxE integrates drugs from multiple national drug repositories, enhancing global drug safety and effectiveness research by standardizing drug representations in disparate drug vocabularies to a structure following RxNorm, a reference standard in the US. We developed an attribute-based mapping approach that improves consistency and reduce manual data processing. Based on 12 vocabularies included, we observe similar dose form and ingredient usage patterns but many more brand names available worldwide. The quality of RxE depends on the thorough examination of the source vocabulary, where challenges include discrepancies in brand names, poorly structured dosage forms, and faulty dosages. Despite the challenges, RxE has been used in numerous clinical and methodological studies. Future directions focus on expanding coverage, improving mapping automation, and fostering international collaboration to optimize global drug safety and effectiveness efforts.

Indexed as

Databases, PharmaceuticalPharmaceutical ResearchRxNormVocabulary, Controlled

Identifiers

PMID41726498
PMCPMC12919553

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.