ArticleNature. Mental health2023
Non-Invasively Targeting, Probing, and Modulating a Deep Brain Circuit for Depression Alleviation.
Article in Nature. Mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04014959 (Mini Theta Burst TMS to Promote Brain Plasticity Indexed by fMRI in MDD Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mini Theta Burst TMS to Promote Brain Plasticity Indexed by fMRI in MDD Patients
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does mental health coaching improve efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression? A pilot randomized controlled trial and benchmarking study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Personalized fMRI-Guided TMS Targeting the Threat Neurocircuitry in PTSD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.Brain stimulationTrial
- Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- How indirect is too indirect? Structural pathways to the sgACC and the antidepressant response to TMS.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Neuromodulation for Anxiety: Circuit-Based and Personalized Approaches.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Mapping shared and specific cortical after-effects of repetitive TMS on brain function.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Personalized Connectivity-Guided Accelerated Brain Stimulation in a Naturalistic Treatment-Resistant Depression Population.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Multimodal evidence for hippocampal engagement and modulation by functional connectivity-guided parietal TMS.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Controlling the human connectome with spatially diffuse input signals.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Target variability and stability of neuroimaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the amygdala circuitry for posttraumatic stress disorder.Research square · 2026Article
- A practical preprocessing pipeline for concurrent TMS-iEEG: Critical steps and methodological considerations.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for substance use disorders and chronic pain: A review of the evidence and call for increased mechanistic understanding.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Multifaceted Networks of the Left DLPFC for Precision TMS Targeting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC).The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- A Practical Preprocessing Pipeline for Concurrent TMS-iEEG: Critical Steps and Methodological Considerations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Design, construction, and deployment of a multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for clinical use.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Embracing Internal States: A Review of Optimization of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treating Depression.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression has often focused on modulating the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), yet no studies have related TMS-evoked responses in the sgACC to clinical effects following rTMS. We used interleaved single-pulse TMS/fMRI to demonstrate circuit engagement via TMS-evoked responses in the sgACC to stimulation of functionally-connected cortical targets in a cohort study of unmedicated depressed patients (n=36; ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04014959). Targets were identified using rs-fMRI scans seeding the sgACC to identify individualized connectivity clusters. TMS/fMRI was assessed before and after a 3-day open label intervention using intermittent theta burst (iTBS) rTMS targeting the sgACC pathway. TMS-evoked fMRI BOLD responses in the sgACC and depression symptom scores were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Pre-intervention TMS-evoked response magnitude in the sgACC predicted depression improvement: more negative evoked responses were associated with greater clinical improvement. Larger post-intervention changes in evoked responses were also associated with depression improvement. The prognostic sgACC associations were specific to the intervention pathway and significantly associated with depression but not anxiety improvement. Here we demonstrate causal evidence of sgACC engagement with TMS/fMRI and show the clinical relevance of engagement and modulation of the targeted prefrontal-sgACC circuit.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.