ArticleEnvironmental toxicology2026
Multistressor Interaction of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Temperature in Two Estuarine Fish Species, Red Drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ) and Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus ).
Article in Environmental toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The influence of temperature and conductivity on metabolism and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) bioconcentration in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is characterized by a long, fluorinated carbon chain which makes it ideal for oil- and water-repellent products but detrimental for the environment, where it persists and accumulates in organisms. PFOS has been detected in coastal ecosystems, but information on impacts to estuarine fish health and survival is lacking. In addition, potential rising temperatures due to climate change may alter organism physiology and bioavailability of chemical contaminants. This study examines the effects of PFOS on two species of fish found in Southeastern United States estuaries, the recreationally important red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and the standard toxicity test species sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), under two different temperatures (20°C and 30°C). The combined stress of PFOS exposure at the higher temperature yielded significantly greater chemical uptake and mortality in both species compared to PFOS at 20°C. The enhanced effect of temperature on PFOS mortality was greatest for C. variegatus . The combined stress of PFOS exposure and elevated temperature caused the greatest change in gene expression in C. variegatus relative to the individual stressors. Similarly, routine metabolic rates for S. ocellatus were significantly higher when exposed to the combined stress of PFOS exposure and elevated temperature. The results indicate that elevated temperature and PFOS act together to exacerbate toxicity in these estuarine fish. Sublethal responses to PFOS and temperature observed in this study could have long-term repercussions for fisheries. This study demonstrates the importance of expanding species used in ecological risk assessments and creating applicable results for wild species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.