ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2026
Developmental stuttering with common and complex phenotypes.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo describe the phenotypic spectrum associated with stuttering.
methodIndividuals with current or resolved developmental stuttering self-referred. Surveys assessed stuttering characteristics (onset, negative impact, family history) and health (early development, other conditions). Speech and non-verbal intelligence were assessed using conversation and the Wechsler standardized scales. Sample sizes varied across assessments (n = 266-327). Latent class analysis identified unobserved groups based on assessment data.
resultsA total of 327 participants (231 male, 71%) with a median age of 57 years (range: 5-90 years) were recruited, 282 of 296 (95%) with current stuttering and 14 of 296 (5%) with resolved stuttering. Onset was 4 years or younger for 187 of 322 (58%) participants; 207 of 325 (64%) had a positive family history of stuttering, 58 of 325 (18%) had developmental delay, and 38 of 264 (14%) had below average non-verbal intelligence. Common co-occurring conditions included sleep, hearing, vision, and immune conditions, migraine, anxiety, and depression. Analysis revealed two groups: 295 of 327 (90%) participants had the common phenotype and 32 of 327 (10%) had a complex phenotype, with more severe stuttering, greater negative impact of stuttering, more frequent anxiety, lower non-verbal intelligence, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
interpretationPhenotypic analysis of a large cohort of who stutter identified 90% with a common phenotype and 10% with a complex phenotype. Both had co-occurring disorders requiring multidisciplinary support.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.