Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41725577›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Deep Volumetric Super-Resolution Imaging in Thick Biological Specimens With Sparse Scanning SIM.

Sha An, Xuhong Guo, Zhongxia Cai, Yunze Lei, Kai Wen, Hongfei Suo, Xiaoyu Kong, Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus, Peng Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sha AnSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4983-7886
Xuhong GuoSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4262-7978
Zhongxia CaiSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7922-2563
Yunze LeiSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9092-3050
Kai WenSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8481-8680
Hongfei SuoSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1807-1290
Xiaoyu KongSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0329-6324
Gerd Ulrich NienhausInstitute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5027-3192
Peng GaoSchool of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-3944

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M762528Helmholtz Association, program Materials Systems EngineeringKey Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province 2024GH-ZDXM-05National Natural Science Foundation of China 62335018Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province 2025JC-YBQN-819Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-123Xidian University Specially Funded Project for Interdisciplinary Exploration TZJH2024040Xidian University Specially Funded Project for Interdisciplinary Exploration TZJH2024044
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-resolution fluorescence microscopy deep inside thick, live specimens remains a major challenge due to scattering and limited penetration depth. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is widely used for fast super-resolution imaging, yet its sensitivity to scattering strongly restricts volumetric applications. Here we present sparse scanning SIM (SS-SIM), a variant for deep imaging that integrates rapid laser beam scanning with pixel-addressed intensity modulation and sCMOS detection. SS-SIM operates with either one- or two-photon excitation and achieves a spatial resolution of ∼150 nm, and maintains a 1.6/1.7-fold (lateral/axial) resolution enhancement over wide-field microscopy throughout the available imaging depth limited by the working distances of our water-immersion objectives (300/600 µm), enabling volumetric visualization of dense biological samples. By combining simplicity, robustness, and super-resolution performance, SS-SIM expands the applicability of SIM to thick tissues, organoids, and small organisms, providing a practical route to high-contrast volumetric imaging in complex biological environments.

Indexed as

Imaging, Three-DimensionalAnimalsMicroscopy, Fluorescencedeep super‐resolution imagingresonant scanningstructured illumination microscopy

Identifiers

PMID41725577
PMCPMC13137830

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.