Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41725534›Full record

ArticleNursing open2026

Psychosocial Impact and Parental Stress in Families of Children With Severe Neurological Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Blanca Egea-Zerolo, Ana Berástegui, Julio C De La Torre-Montero, Elisa Benito-Martínez, Jorge Vidal, Noemí García-Sanjuán, Oscar Arrogante, Ana S F Ribeiro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Blanca Egea-ZeroloDepartment of Health Sciences, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-8092
Ana BerásteguiUniversity Institute of Family Studies, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-1791
Julio C De La Torre-MonteroDepartment of Health Sciences, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-8234
Elisa Benito-MartínezDepartment of Health Sciences, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-4646
Jorge VidalIPSM, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Noemí García-SanjuánFaculty of Education and Humanities, International University of La Rioja-UNIR, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-481X
Oscar ArroganteNursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-9093
Ana S F RibeiroNursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-7859

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the psychosocial impact and parental stress associated with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities in children, with a particular focus on the relationships between parental response styles and family stress and impact.

designA descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted.

methodsThe study included parents of children with neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities. Participants completed the Family Management Style Framework, Parenting Stress Index, and Parental Response Style Questionnaire. In addition, clinical characteristics related to psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders were collected via parent-reported questionnaire items and analysed as categorical variables.

resultsOne hundred parents participated in the survey, with data from 100 children analysed. Discomfort and Stress showed positive and significant relationships with all the factors of the Parental Response Style Questionnaire, except for Overprotection, while the Family Management Style Framework subscales did so with the Apathy/dysphoria. The presence and clinical complexity of psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders were significantly associated with higher levels of parental stress and family impact.

conclusionsFamilies of children with intellectual disabilities face substantial challenges that affect family functioning and daily activities. The presence and clinical complexity of psychological or psychiatric problems and conduct disorders emerged as key clinical characteristics associated with increased parental stress and family impact. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, these findings should be interpreted as associative, and no causal, directional, or temporal inferences can be drawn. IMPACT: Parents provided critical insights into the challenges of caring for children with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities, contributing to a better understanding of family dynamics and stress-related factors. Identifying relevant clinical characteristics may help nurses and other health professionals tailor family-centred interventions. REPORTING

methodThis paper is reported according to the STROBE Statement. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Parents of children with severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities were the subjects of data collection for this study and participated in the survey after providing voluntary consent to participate.

Indexed as

Intellectual DisabilityNervous System DiseasesParentsStress, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesSurveys and Questionnairesconduct disorderfamilyintellectual disabilityneurologic disorderpsychosocial functioning

Identifiers

PMID41725534
PMCPMC12928084

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.