ArticleClinical endocrinology2026
Initiation and Maintenance of Low-Dose Transdermal Testosterone in Non-Binary Individuals: A Retrospective Audit.
Article in Clinical endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAn increasing number of trans individuals, particularly those who are non-binary, desire lower testosterone doses than those outlined in current guidelines for gender affirmation. These guidelines acknowledge the need for a tailored approach to treatment, especially for non-binary people. However, existing guidelines for initiation of testosterone assume that trans individuals desire rapid and complete masculinisation through standard dosing. We aimed to assess the initiation and maintenance of low-dose testosterone in non-binary individuals treated with transdermal testosterone for ≥ 6 months.
designRetrospective audit. PATIENTS: Non-binary individuals initiating low-dose transdermal testosterone with ≥ 6 months follow-up.
interventionTestosterone 1% gel (< 50 mg daily) or testosterone 5% cream (< 100 mg daily). MEASUREMENTS: Transdermal testosterone dose and serum total testosterone concentration.
resultsForty-six individuals were included. Median age was 27 years (24-30) and duration of testosterone was 14 months (9-24). For individuals treated with testosterone 1% gel, median dose at initiation was 12.5 mg (12.5-25) and 25 mg (20.4-37.5) at last follow-up (p < 0.01), and for those treated with testosterone 5% cream, the median dose at initiation was 50 mg (31.3-50) and 50 mg (50-68.8) at last follow-up (p = 0.02). Median serum total testosterone concentration was 11 nmol/L (5.2-15.7). By the last follow-up, 40 (87%) remained on low-dose testosterone and 6 (13%) had increased to full-dose testosterone. In a subgroup of 30 individuals with ≥ 12 months treatment, 26 (87%) remained on low-dose testosterone by last follow-up. Three (7%) individuals had polycythemia (haematocrit > 0.5).
conclusionsMost non-binary individuals initiating low-dose transdermal testosterone continue doses lower than those recommended in current guidelines after 6-12 months of treatment. These hypothesis-generating findings highlight the need for studies evaluating the influence of low-dose testosterone on clinical outcomes and safety end-points.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.