Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41724684›Full record

ArticleAPMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica2026

Hydrochloric Acid Lock Therapy for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Catheter Material Compatibility.

Mette Bondo Mønster, Ulrik Stenz Justesen, Ulrikka Nygaard, Nadja Hawwa Vissing, Arash Afshari, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Ida Thaarup

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mette Bondo MønsterDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ulrik Stenz JustesenDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Ulrikka NygaardDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nadja Hawwa VissingDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Arash AfshariDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Thomas BjarnsholtDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-7414
Ida ThaarupDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

Børnecancerfonden 019-6002Kræftens Bekæmpelse R269-A15746
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are frequently caused by biofilm-forming bacteria that are difficult to eradicate with antibiotics. In Denmark, hydrochloric acid lock therapy (HALT) has been used for more than a decade with reported success in catheter salvage, but its antimicrobial efficacy and potential impact on catheter materials remain insufficiently studied in vitro. This study evaluated the efficacy of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and assessed its effects on silicone and polyurethane central venous catheters. Biofilms grown in microtiter well plates and on catheter segments were exposed to three 10-min treatments with 2 M HCl or 0.9% saline. Biofilm-free catheters received the same exposures as the biofilm samples before mechanical testing. HCl markedly reduced bacterial viability, achieving mean reductions of 5.4 log

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsCatheter-Related InfectionsHydrochloric AcidBiofilmsCentral Venous CathetersHumansPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus epidermidisAnti-Infective AgentsHydrochloric Acidantimicrobial efficacycatheter‐related bloodstream infectionscatheter salvagehydrochloric acid lock therapy (HALT)

Identifiers

PMID41724684
PMCPMC12926278

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.