ReviewBiometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine2026
Unravelling lead-induced toxicity in mammals: the role of oxidative stress and apoptosis and their modulation by emerging therapeutic strategies.
Review in Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and technological advancements have led to extensive environmental contamination of lead, disrupting the ecological balance and posing significant risks to biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. Lead remains a critical concern due to its high toxicity, persistence, and ability to bioaccumulate, which can elicit oxidative and metabolic disruptions. Lead toxicity impairs haematological, biochemical, and structural parameters, ultimately compromising hepatic, renal, neurological, and reproductive functions. This review integrates the current understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved in lead-induced toxicity, with a specific focus on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Lead exposure disrupts redox homeostasis, characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in antioxidant defenses, notably superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels. Concurrently, it triggers apoptotic signalling via mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby elevating the expression of pro-apoptotic mediators (e.g., Bax, caspases) while suppressing the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging strategies for prevention and therapy, highlighting the protective effects of natural phytochemicals and antioxidant-based interventions that may alleviate cellular and tissue damage associated with lead exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41723785What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.