ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026
Seasonal changes in energy intake and emerging indicators of energy availability in young elite Nordic skiers.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Propionibacterium cheese and bone turnover in active young adults: a randomized-controlled trial.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNordic skiing, an energy-demanding endurance sport, may be particularly susceptible to low energy availability (LEA) and relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). The objective was to examine the nutritional practices and physical symptoms associated with (REDs among young elite Norwegian Nordic skiers during the off-season, with particular emphasis on energy and CHO intake, in the transition from the competitive season to preparation for the subsequent season.
methodsThirty female and thirty male Nordic skiers participated in a 24-week controlled clinical trial. The daily dietary intake variables were carbohydrates (CHO), protein, and calcium (Ca) intake and weekly training hours. The blood variables were vitamin D, total osteocalcin (tOC), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide/cross-linked C-telopeptide type 1-collagen (PINP1/CTX1) ratio, heart rate (HR), resting metabolic rate (RMR), bone mineral density (BMD), lean body mass (LM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and body fat percentage (BF%).
resultsEnergy intake increased by 25%, and CHO increased by 14.5% for both sexes during the study, and training volume increased by 41% for female athletes and 83% for male athletes, respectively. There were positive correlations between higher BMD, bone markers, RMR, and LM and negative correlations between VAT and REDs symptoms. VAT was correlated with RMR and bone markers. LM emerged as a key predictor for health variables, explaining variability across multiple REDs markers.
conclusionsNordic skiers seem unable to increase energy intake sufficiently during the preparation period, leading up to the competitive season, as demonstrated by a large discrepancy between changes in energy intake, especially CHO, and exercise volume. The correlations between energy intake and BMD, RMR, VAT, and HR underscore the clinical consequences of insufficient energy intake, which may arise if individuals focus on low body mass and body fat percentage without sufficient knowledge. VAT, tOC, and the P1NP/CTX-ratio are promising indicators for monitoring dietary interventions in individuals with REDs and should be considered in future research on REDs treatment strategies.
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