ArticleImmunoHorizons2026
Longitudinal profiling of antigen receptor gene repertoire dynamics in kidney transplant recipients after multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
Article in ImmunoHorizons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) exhibit impaired immune responses to vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, remaining vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) even after multiple vaccine doses. We hypothesized that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in KTRs might promote remodeling of the adaptive immune repertoire. In order to address this hypothesis and gain insight into adaptive immune dynamics in this population, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine longitudinal alterations in immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) gene repertoires following multiple mRNA vaccinations and functional experiments to assess lymphocyte signaling capacity. TR gene repertoire analysis revealed increased diversity and reduced clonality after booster immunizations, indicative of substantial repertoire renewal. Although the relative frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific TR clonotypes remained stable over time, significant shifts in TRBV gene usage reflected dynamic reshaping of the TR clonal architecture. Parallel IG gene repertoire profiling demonstrated increased diversity and limited oligoclonal expansions after booster mRNA vaccination. These changes were accompanied by elevated levels of somatic hypermutation in IG clonotypes similar to published SARS-CoV-2-specific clonotypes, suggestive of more efficient humoral responses following repeated antigenic exposure. Phospho-specific flow cytometry analysis revealed initially diminished B cell receptor signaling, which was restored following multiple immunizations, consistent with reversal of B cell anergy status. Altogether, our findings support the notion that repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations drive the remodeling of cellular and humoral immune landscapes in KTRs. These results underscore the importance of tailored vaccination strategies to optimize immune protection in immunocompromised individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.