ArticleInternational journal of retina and vitreous2026
Branch retinal artery occlusion time to presentation and diagnosis: a retrospective review.
Article in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBranch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is an acute, vision-threatening condition that often signals underlying systemic vascular disease and the need for urgent vascular risk assessment and mitigation. Although prompt evaluation is critical for accurate diagnosis and early identification of modifiable vascular risk factors, patterns of clinical presentation remain poorly characterized.
methodsThis retrospective study included BRAO patients who presented to Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) within 30 days of symptom onset from 2014 to 2023. Demographic data, symptom timing, healthcare contact, and ophthalmologic evaluation were collected. The type of contact was categorized as eye care provider, call center, emergency department/urgent care, or other. Delays in presentation were defined as time from symptoms to initial contact and were analyzed across subgroups.
resultsFrom 2014 to 2023, 760 patients were diagnosed with acute BRAO. Mean age of the study population was 70.2 ± 12.6 years, and 330 (43.4%) were female. Initial contact most commonly occurred with eye care providers (370; 48.7%), followed by call centers (251; 33.0%), emergency/urgent care (73; 9.6%), and other providers (66; 8.7%). Only 219 (28.8%) presented within 1 day of symptom onset, while 97 (12.8%) presented after 8 days. The majority (541; 71.2%) were not evaluated by an eye care provider until > 24 h after symptom onset. Among the 153 (20.1%) with known time of symptom onset, median delay to any healthcare contact was 4.0 h. 80 (52.3%) patients presented within 4.5 h, but just 5 (6.3%) were seen by an eye care provider within that window.
conclusionsIn a large, multi-center, community population, delays in BRAO care were common. Although no Level 1 evidence currently exists to support BRAO treatment, success of future therapies will likely require early administration. Prompt evaluation is also critical to enable risk assessment and mitigation. Most patients in this cohort presented in a delayed fashion, underscoring the need for public education and workflow improvements to support earlier recognition and care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.